1. Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

2. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

3. A circuit of a cell of electromotive force (emf) $18.0V$ and negligible internal resistance connected to three resistors of resistance $6.0\Omega$

The ammeter is ideal. What is the reading of the ammeter?

4. Electrons are accelerated between two conducting plates that have a potential difference of $100V$. Estimate the total energy that would be delivered to 10^21 electrons by the conducting plates.

5. A cell is connected to a variable resistor. The terminal potential difference (p.d.) and current through the cell are measured and plotted on the graph shown. What is the internal resistance of the cell?

6. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

7. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

8. Under what conditions of density and pressure does the following graph represent how the volume of a real gas varies with temperature at constant pressure?

9. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

10. Two ideal gases $A$ and $B$ of molar masses mA​>mB​ are initially at absolute temperatures TA​. The gases are mixed together. Which of the following is correct about the average random speeds vA​ and vB​ of the molecules of A and B before and after thermal equilibrium is attained?

11. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

12. An area on the Earth's surface receives an average solar intensity of 250 Wm^−2. What is the minimum area of photovoltaic cells needed to generate 2 kW of electrical power if the photocells operate at 40% efficiency?

13. A body of water loses energy at a constant rate. Assume that the specific heat capacity of ice is half the specific heat capacity of liquid water.

Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature with time?

A.			B.
C.			D.

14. The albedo at the poles of Earth during a particular day is 0.8. What is the value of the absorbed intensity if the solar intensity is 700 W m^−2?

15. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

16. A chemical reaction occurs inside a solid of mass $m$ and specific heat capacity $c$. The initial temperature of the solid is $50K$.

What is the minimum energy that the reaction must release to increase the temperature of the solid to 100$°C$?

17. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12$V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

18. An ideal gas is held in a container of volume $V$ and at pressure $P$. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

19. A quantity of 2000 $kg$ Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is maintained in a container tank. The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is 44 g mol^−1. Determine the correct estimate of the number of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) molecules in the container tank.

20. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

21. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

22. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

23. The average radius of Neptune's orbit around the Sun is approximately 30 times the orbital radius of earth. Estimate the solar constant of Neptune.

24. An immersion heater of constant power output is used to supply thermal energy to a cup of water at 373 $K$. The heater is turned on at time $t=0$. Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature $T$ of the water, with time t?

A.			B.
C.			D.

25. If the radius of a segment of wire is doubled, and its length decreases by half, by what factor does the wire's resistance change?