1. A student is using the equation $pV=nRT$ to solve for $n$ with the following percentage uncertainties in the measurements.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of n?

2. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

3. An ideal gas is enclosed in a syringe. The gas has a volume of 20 mL, a temperature of 20oC, and pressure of $10kPa$. The syringe is heated to 40oC, and the volume of the gas is reduced to 5 mL.

What is the new pressure?

4. On a certain day, the solar intensity on the Earth's surface is 300Wm^−2. Photovoltaic cells which have an efficiency of 20% are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. What should be the minimum area of the photovoltaic cells to produce an output of 6.0$kW$ , assuming that the incident light is normal to the surface of the panel?

5. The albedo at the poles of Earth during a particular day is 0.8. What is the value of the absorbed intensity if the solar intensity is 700 W m^−2?

6. Container 1 contains 128g of oxygen (32g mol^−1) and Container 2 contains 56 g of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume V at constant temperature ($R$ is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

7. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

8. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

9. Which of the following pairs constitutes a renewable and non-renewable source of energy?

10. Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

11. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

12. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

13. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

14. An ideal gas is held in a container of volume $V$ and at pressure $P$. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

15. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

16. A light bulb is lit by $1kJ$ of energy being transferred to the bulb by a potential difference of $200V$. This transfer happens over a time of 2 seconds.

What is the current passing through the bulb?

17. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

18. An area on the Earth's surface receives an average solar intensity of 250 Wm^−2. What is the minimum area of photovoltaic cells needed to generate 2 kW of electrical power if the photocells operate at 40% efficiency?

19. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12$V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

20. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

21. An electric circuit is connected as shown. An electric current of $2A$ flows through the electric cell with an internal resistance $r$.

What is the value for $r$ ?

22. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

23. If the current in the circuit below is 0.5 A, what is the potential difference $V$?

24. An ideal gas piston of total volume 900 cm^3 contains 600 cm^3 of air and 300 cm^3 of water at a temperature of 27°C. The system is cooled and the piston contracts at constant pressure.

What is the approximate total piston volume at the point where the water first starts to freeze?

25. Two solid substances of equal mass are heated with the same power input. The graph below shows how the temperatures of the substances vary with time during heating.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific heat capacity than Substance $B$ when they are in the same physical state.
  II.	The specific heat capacity of each substance is lower in the solid state than the liquid state.
  III.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific latent heat of fusion than Substance $B$.