1. If the current in the circuit below is 0.5 A, what is the potential difference $V$?

2. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

3. Two ideal gases $A$ and $B$ of molar masses mA​>mB​ are initially at absolute temperatures TA​. The gases are mixed together. Which of the following is correct about the average random speeds vA​ and vB​ of the molecules of A and B before and after thermal equilibrium is attained?

4. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

5. Electrons are accelerated between two conducting plates that have a potential difference of $100V$. Estimate the total energy that would be delivered to 10^21 electrons by the conducting plates.

6. An ideal gas is enclosed in a syringe. The gas has a volume of 20 mL, a temperature of 20oC, and pressure of $10kPa$. The syringe is heated to 40oC, and the volume of the gas is reduced to 5 mL.

What is the new pressure?

7. A quantity of 2000 $kg$ Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is maintained in a container tank. The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is 44 g mol^−1. Determine the correct estimate of the number of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) molecules in the container tank.

8. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

9. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

10. On a certain day, the solar intensity on the Earth's surface is 300Wm^−2. Photovoltaic cells which have an efficiency of 20% are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. What should be the minimum area of the photovoltaic cells to produce an output of 6.0$kW$ , assuming that the incident light is normal to the surface of the panel?

11. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

12. A student is using the equation $pV=nRT$ to solve for $n$ with the following percentage uncertainties in the measurements.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of n?

13. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

14. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

15. A light bulb is lit by $1kJ$ of energy being transferred to the bulb by a potential difference of $200V$. This transfer happens over a time of 2 seconds.

What is the current passing through the bulb?

16. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

17. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

18. Which of the following pairs constitutes a renewable and non-renewable source of energy?

19. The average radius of Neptune's orbit around the Sun is approximately 30 times the orbital radius of earth. Estimate the solar constant of Neptune.

20. Two solid substances of equal mass are heated with the same power input. The graph below shows how the temperatures of the substances vary with time during heating.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific heat capacity than Substance $B$ when they are in the same physical state.
  II.	The specific heat capacity of each substance is lower in the solid state than the liquid state.
  III.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific latent heat of fusion than Substance $B$.

21. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

22. Container 1 contains 128g of oxygen (32g mol^−1) and Container 2 contains 56 g of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume V at constant temperature ($R$ is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

23. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

24. A material with a mass of m is heated. The graph shows the variation of the temperature of the material with the energy supplied.

Which one of the following gives the specific heat capacity of the material?

25. The following three statements give possible reasons why the average intensity of sunlight incident on a solar panel during a day on earth is only a fraction of the solar constant.

• I.	Scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere
  II.	Rotation of the earth
  III.	The surface of the solar panel is not perpendicular to incident of sunlight

Which of the statements are correct?