1. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

2. Under what conditions of density and pressure does the following graph represent how the volume of a real gas varies with temperature at constant pressure?

3. Which of the following pairs constitutes a renewable and non-renewable source of energy?

4. A body of water loses energy at a constant rate. Assume that the specific heat capacity of ice is half the specific heat capacity of liquid water.

Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature with time?

A.			B.
C.			D.

5. If the radius of a segment of wire is doubled, and its length decreases by half, by what factor does the wire's resistance change?

6. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

7. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?

8. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

9. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

10. A material with a mass of m is heated. The graph shows the variation of the temperature of the material with the energy supplied.

Which one of the following gives the specific heat capacity of the material?

11. An electric circuit is connected as shown. An electric current of $2A$ flows through the electric cell with an internal resistance $r$.

What is the value for $r$ ?

12. Two ideal gases $A$ and $B$ of molar masses mA​>mB​ are initially at absolute temperatures TA​. The gases are mixed together. Which of the following is correct about the average random speeds vA​ and vB​ of the molecules of A and B before and after thermal equilibrium is attained?

13. A cell is connected to a variable resistor. The terminal potential difference (p.d.) and current through the cell are measured and plotted on the graph shown. What is the internal resistance of the cell?

14. An ideal gas is in a fixed volume container which sits on an electronic balance. More of the same gas is added to the container. Which of the following will not change?

15. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

16. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

17. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

18. Solar radiation is incident on a planet, whose surface absorbs 65% of incident intensity. What is the albedo of the planet?

19. The following three statements give possible reasons why the average intensity of sunlight incident on a solar panel during a day on earth is only a fraction of the solar constant.

• I.	Scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere
  II.	Rotation of the earth
  III.	The surface of the solar panel is not perpendicular to incident of sunlight

Which of the statements are correct?

20. Container 1 contains 128g of oxygen (32g mol^−1) and Container 2 contains 56 g of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume V at constant temperature ($R$ is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

21. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

22. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

23. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

24. Systems A and B both consist of an ideal gas at initial temperature $T$. In System A, the temperature of the gas is increased. In System B, gas molecules are added with the temperature of the system remaining constant.

Which of these statements about the total intermolecular potential energy of the two systems is correct?

25. A chemical reaction occurs inside a solid of mass $m$ and specific heat capacity $c$. The initial temperature of the solid is $50K$.

What is the minimum energy that the reaction must release to increase the temperature of the solid to 100$°C$?