1. If the current in the circuit below is 0.5 A, what is the potential difference $V$?

2. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

3. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

4. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1 water starts to boil, and at time t2 all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1 increases. (cglass)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2 decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1 increases.

5. An area on the Earth's surface receives an average solar intensity of 250 Wm^−2. What is the minimum area of photovoltaic cells needed to generate 2 kW of electrical power if the photocells operate at 40% efficiency?

6. On a certain day, the solar intensity on the Earth's surface is 300Wm^−2. Photovoltaic cells which have an efficiency of 20% are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. What should be the minimum area of the photovoltaic cells to produce an output of 6.0$kW$ , assuming that the incident light is normal to the surface of the panel?

7. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

8. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

9. A spherical object of surface area $A$ and absolute temperature $T$ can be regarded as a black body. The power of the radiation emitted from the object is $P$. What would be the power of the radiation emitted by an object with an absolute temperature of $2T$ and a surface area of A/2?

10. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

11. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

12. Systems A and B both consist of an ideal gas at initial temperature $T$. In System A, the temperature of the gas is increased. In System B, gas molecules are added with the temperature of the system remaining constant.

Which of these statements about the total intermolecular potential energy of the two systems is correct?

13. If the radius of a segment of wire is doubled, and its length decreases by half, by what factor does the wire's resistance change?

14. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

15. Container 1 contains 128g of oxygen (32g mol^−1) and Container 2 contains 56 g of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume V at constant temperature ($R$ is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

16. A circuit of a cell of electromotive force (emf) $18.0V$ and negligible internal resistance connected to three resistors of resistance $6.0\Omega$

The ammeter is ideal. What is the reading of the ammeter?

17. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

18. A material with a mass of m is heated. The graph shows the variation of the temperature of the material with the energy supplied.

Which one of the following gives the specific heat capacity of the material?

19. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

20. Water in a beaker is heated on a hot plate at a rate $P$. The graph shows the change in temperature of the water over time.

Which graph correctly shows the new change in temperature of the water when the rate of thermal energy transfer is increased?

The original graph is shown by the dotted line.

A.			B.
C.			D.

21. Two ideal gases $A$ and $B$ of molar masses mA>mB are initially at absolute temperatures TA. The gases are mixed together. Which of the following is correct about the average random speeds vA and vB of the molecules of A and B before and after thermal equilibrium is attained?

22. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

23. A light bulb is lit by $1kJ$ of energy being transferred to the bulb by a potential difference of $200V$. This transfer happens over a time of 2 seconds.

What is the current passing through the bulb?

24. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

25. A student is using the equation $pV=nRT$ to solve for $n$ with the following percentage uncertainties in the measurements.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of n?