1. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

2. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

3. Electrons are accelerated between two conducting plates that have a potential difference of $100V$. Estimate the total energy that would be delivered to 10^21 electrons by the conducting plates.

4. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

5. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

6. Under what conditions of density and pressure does the following graph represent how the volume of a real gas varies with temperature at constant pressure?

7. Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

8. A quantity of 2000 $kg$ Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is maintained in a container tank. The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) is 44 g mol^−1. Determine the correct estimate of the number of Carbon Dioxide (CO2​) molecules in the container tank.

9. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

10. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

11. The albedo at the poles of Earth during a particular day is 0.8. What is the value of the absorbed intensity if the solar intensity is 700 W m^−2?

12. The average radius of Neptune's orbit around the Sun is approximately 30 times the orbital radius of earth. Estimate the solar constant of Neptune.

13. An area on the Earth's surface receives an average solar intensity of 250 Wm^−2. What is the minimum area of photovoltaic cells needed to generate 2 kW of electrical power if the photocells operate at 40% efficiency?

14. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

15. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

16. A body of water loses energy at a constant rate. Assume that the specific heat capacity of ice is half the specific heat capacity of liquid water.

Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature with time?

A.			B.
C.			D.

17. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12$V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

18. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

19. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

20. Water in a beaker is heated on a hot plate at a rate $P$. The graph shows the change in temperature of the water over time.

Which graph correctly shows the new change in temperature of the water when the rate of thermal energy transfer is increased?

The original graph is shown by the dotted line.

A.			B.
C.			D.

21. A light bulb is lit by $1kJ$ of energy being transferred to the bulb by a potential difference of $200V$. This transfer happens over a time of 2 seconds.

What is the current passing through the bulb?

22. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?

23. A spherical object of surface area $A$ and absolute temperature $T$ can be regarded as a black body. The power of the radiation emitted from the object is $P$. What would be the power of the radiation emitted by an object with an absolute temperature of $2T$ and a surface area of A/2?

24. A circuit of a cell of electromotive force (emf) $18.0V$ and negligible internal resistance connected to three resistors of resistance $6.0\Omega$

The ammeter is ideal. What is the reading of the ammeter?

25. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?