1. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

2. Solar radiation is incident on a planet, whose surface absorbs 65% of incident intensity. What is the albedo of the planet?

3. A cell is connected to a variable resistor. The terminal potential difference (p.d.) and current through the cell are measured and plotted on the graph shown. What is the internal resistance of the cell?

4. Container 1 contains 128g of oxygen (32g mol^−1) and Container 2 contains 56 g of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume V at constant temperature ($R$ is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

5. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?

6. An immersion heater of constant power output is used to supply thermal energy to a cup of water at 373 $K$. The heater is turned on at time $t=0$. Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature $T$ of the water, with time t?

A.			B.
C.			D.

7. The following three statements give possible reasons why the average intensity of sunlight incident on a solar panel during a day on earth is only a fraction of the solar constant.

• I.	Scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere
  II.	Rotation of the earth
  III.	The surface of the solar panel is not perpendicular to incident of sunlight

Which of the statements are correct?

8. Two solid substances of equal mass are heated with the same power input. The graph below shows how the temperatures of the substances vary with time during heating.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific heat capacity than Substance $B$ when they are in the same physical state.
  II.	The specific heat capacity of each substance is lower in the solid state than the liquid state.
  III.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific latent heat of fusion than Substance $B$.

9. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

10. A material with a mass of m is heated. The graph shows the variation of the temperature of the material with the energy supplied.

Which one of the following gives the specific heat capacity of the material?

11. The albedo at the poles of Earth during a particular day is 0.8. What is the value of the absorbed intensity if the solar intensity is 700 W m^−2?

12. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

13. An electron accelerates through a potential difference of $7kV$. How much work is done on the electron by the field?

14. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

15. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

16. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

17. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

18. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

19. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

20. A body of water loses energy at a constant rate. Assume that the specific heat capacity of ice is half the specific heat capacity of liquid water.

Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature with time?

A.			B.
C.			D.

21. A quantity of 2000 $kg$ Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is maintained in a container tank. The molar mass of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is 44 g mol^−1. Determine the correct estimate of the number of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) molecules in the container tank.

22. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

23. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

24. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

25. Two ideal gases $A$ and $B$ of molar masses mA>mB are initially at absolute temperatures TA. The gases are mixed together. Which of the following is correct about the average random speeds vA and vB of the molecules of A and B before and after thermal equilibrium is attained?