1. An ideal gas is in a fixed volume container which sits on an electronic balance. More of the same gas is added to the container. Which of the following will not change?

2. Solar radiation is incident on a planet, whose surface absorbs 65% of incident intensity. What is the albedo of the planet?

3. An area on the Earth's surface receives an average solar intensity of 250 W m^−2. What is the minimum area of photovoltaic cells needed to generate 2 kW of electrical power if the photocells operate at 40% efficiency?

4. If the radius of a segment of wire is doubled, and its length decreases by half, by what factor does the wire's resistance change?

5. The orders of energy transformations in three power stations are given;

Which row correctly matches the type of power station with the energy transformations?

6. An ideal gas is held in a container of volume $V$ and at pressure $P$. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

7. Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

8. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

9. A light bulb is lit by $1kJ$ of energy being transferred to the bulb by a potential difference of $200V$. This transfer happens over a time of 2 seconds.

What is the current passing through the bulb?

10. A wire carries electrical current. If 9.0×10^12 electrons pass a given point in the wire every 4.5 seconds, what is the current in the wire?

11. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?

12. The work done when 1 mole of a gas expands through an adiabatic process is $120J$.

What is the change in temperature of the gas?

13. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

14. Water in a beaker is heated on a hot plate at a rate $P$. The graph shows the change in temperature of the water over time.

Which graph correctly shows the new change in temperature of the water when the rate of thermal energy transfer is increased?

The original graph is shown by the dotted line.

A.			B.
C.			D.

15. A material with a mass of m is heated. The graph shows the variation of the temperature of the material with the energy supplied.

Which one of the following gives the specific heat capacity of the material?

16. Systems A and B both consist of an ideal gas at initial temperature $T$. In System A, the temperature of the gas is increased. In System B, gas molecules are added with the temperature of the system remaining constant.

Which of these statements about the total intermolecular potential energy of the two systems is correct?

17. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

18. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

19. An ideal gas is enclosed in a syringe. The gas has a volume of $20mL$, a temperature of 20oC, and pressure of $10kPa$. The syringe is heated to 40oC, and the volume of the gas is reduced to $5mL$.

What is the new pressure?

20. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

21. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12 $V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

22. A student is using the equation pV=nRT to solve for $n$ with the following percentage uncertainties in the measurements.

What is the percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of n?

23. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

24. Under what conditions of density and pressure does the following graph represent how the volume of a real gas varies with temperature at constant pressure?

25. A chemical reaction occurs inside a solid of mass $m$ and specific heat capacity $c$. The initial temperature of the solid is $50K$.

What is the minimum energy that the reaction must release to increase the temperature of the solid to 100$°C$?