Explanation​:
Average kinetic energy increases as the temperature increases and stays constant during the vapourisation process. Moreover, average kinetic energy is zero at absolute zero (−273oC) temperature, which is not the case for water (0−100oC)

I. Incorrect: As the heater heats both the water and the container, the container itself gains energy to increase temperature. Greater specific heat capacity means more energy is required to result in the same temperature change. So, for the glass container less energy is needed to reach 100oC which will take less time.

II. Correct: When there is isolation for the container there is less heat lost to the surroundings, resulting in higher efficiency. So the boiling finishes earlier.

III. Correct: As the amount of water increases more energy is required to result in same temperature change.

Explanation​:
E=mcΔTE=Pt

Pt=mcΔT

ΔT=Pt/mc

Doubling energy transfer rate will double the temperature rise. Halving the mass will also double the temperature rise. The change in temperature will be 4 times larger than the initial case, which is 40oC. This

gives the final temperature as 60oC.

Explanation​:
Non-renewable sources are sources where the rate of replenishment is much longer than a human lifespan. Examples include nuclear, coal, oil, and natural gas. Therefore, the answer is A.

Explanation​:
Gas pressure is caused by the particles colliding with the walls, applying a force to them. It is related to the rate of particle-wall collisions per unit surface area of the container per unit time.

A is incorrect because with an increased number of particles more particle-wall collisions will occur and that will lead to a greater rate of collision per unit surface area of cylinder per unit time since there will be no change in the speed of the particles.

B is incorrect because actually the additional particles bring in more kinetic energy so the existing kinetic energy is not being distributed over a larger number of particles. Additionally, since the temperature is being kept constant, the average kinetic energy is constant.

C is correct because there are now more particles in the same volume, the rate of collision per unit surface area of the cylinder per unit time will increase.

D is incorrect because there is no change in the average speed of the particles due to the temperature remaining the same. Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles, and the particle kinetic energy depends on the speed of the particles.

Explanation​:
Temperature appears to be doubled; but that is using the celsius scale. Absolute temperature is not doubled. So, $D$ is incorrect.

Volume cannot change, since the container's volume is fixed. The number of moles cannot change since the gas is enclosed in the container.

Hence, pressure is proportional to absolute temperature:

p2/p=[273+542]/[73+27] ⇒p2=1.09p

Explanation​:
The question gives $T$ in celsius. In kelvin, the temperature would be T+273.

Using the equation PV=nRT, we get number of moles = PV/RT. Since $M$ represents the number of moles, it will substitute into the equation for $n$ and $(T+273)$ will substitute as temperature in the equation giving

M=PV/R(T+273)​ which is answer A

Explanation​:
I.  Chemical energy in fossil fuel is transformed into thermal energy by burning and thermal energy is used to move (kinetic energy) steam that rotates the turbine and generator (also kinetic energy). Finally, electric energy is produced in generators.

II.  The kinetic energy of wind rotates the blades (kinetic energy) and rotates the generator. Finally, electric energy is produced in a generators.

III.  The gravitational potential energy of water behind a dam converts into kinetic energy as water falls down and rotates the turbine and generator. Finally, electric energy is produced in generators.

Explanation​:
Statement I is correct. The scattering of sunlight returns part of the sunlight back to space, reducing intensity on the ground.

Statement II is correct. The rotation of earth causes day and night, reducing the time the solar panel is exposed to sunlight and also changing the incident angle of sunlight on the panel.

Statement III is correct. The intensity on the solar panel is maximum when its surface is perpendicular to incident sunlight, but due to the seasons, the time of day and the installation angle of the panel the sunlight will not be normally incident on the panel.

Thus, D is the answer.

Explanation​:

Ideal gases have no intermolecular forces between the particles, and therefore all of their internal energy consists of kinetic energy. There is no intermolecular potential energy. In both cases, the described changes will not affect the potential energy, as the potential energy is always equal to zero.

Explanation​:

Uranium-235 is a rare radioactive isotope on Earth, extracted from uranium ores. The available uranium is limited and will be depleted in time. Biomass will replenish in a human lifetime, so is considered renewable.

The change of state will occur at the same temperature as the original graph but take less time to complete.

Explanation​:
The average kinetic energy doubles which means that the temperature doubles. To maintain constant pressure, volume would have to double.

Since the number of molecules also doubles, volume would have to double again to maintain constant pressure.

Thus the volume must get 4 times larger from pV=nRT

Explanation​:

The net change in the internal energy of a cyclic process is zero because it returns to its original temperature after each cycle. This means that statement I is correct.

The total change in entropy is zero for any reversible cycle. This means that statement II is correct as the gas returns to its original state each cycle.

The graph is for a heat engine, which takes in heat and does work on the environment. Therefore statement III is incorrect. A clockwise cycle always does net positive work on the environment.

Explanation​:

Ice has half the specific heat capacity of liquid water and the rate of energy loss is constant. Therefore, after freezing the temperature of the system decreases at twice the rate compared to when cooling in the liquid state.