1. An immersion heater of constant power output is used to supply thermal energy to a cup of water at 373 $K$. The heater is turned on at time $t=0$. Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature $T$ of the water, with time $t$?

A.			B.
C.			D.

2. The work done when 1 mole of a gas expands through an adiabatic process is $120J$.

What is the change in temperature of the gas?

3. An ideal gas is enclosed in a syringe. The gas has a volume of $20mL$, a temperature of 20oC, and pressure of $10kPa$. The syringe is heated to 40oC, and the volume of the gas is reduced to $5mL$.

What is the new pressure?

4. 100 ml of water at 20oC is poured in an aluminum container and heated at a constant rate until all of the water is boiled. After time t1​ water starts to boil, and at time t2​ all of the water has boiled away.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	If a glass container with the same mass is used instead of aluminum, t1​ increases. (cglass​<caluminum​)
  II.	If the container with water is thermally isolated, t2​ decreases.
  III.	If more water is added to the container, t1​ increases.

5. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

6. Container 1 contains $128g$ of oxygen (32gmol^−1) and Container 2 contains $56g$ of nitrogen (28gmol^−1). The graph shows how the pressure $P$ inside each container varies with volume $V$ at constant temperature (R is the molar gas constant).

Which line of the table gives the temperature inside the two containers?

7. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

8. An ideal gas is held in a container of volume $V$ and at pressure $P$. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

9. If the radius of a segment of wire is doubled, and its length decreases by half, by what factor does the wire's resistance change?

10. An inflated balloon containing an ideal gas at temperature T in degrees Celsius floats in a room where the atmospheric pressure is $P$. The volume remains constant at V. If the balloon contains $M$ moles of the gas, which of the following is true?

11. Solar radiation is incident on a planet, whose surface absorbs 65% of incident intensity. What is the albedo of the planet?

12. Which of the following pairs constitutes a renewable and non-renewable source of energy?

13. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12 $V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

14. A circuit of a cell of electromotive force (emf) $18.0V$ and negligible internal resistance connected to three resistors of resistance $6.0\Omega$

The ammeter is ideal. What is the reading of the ammeter?

15. Several energy conversions occur in power stations. Examples of electricity generation that both involve energy transfer from thermal to electrical are

16. Electrons are accelerated between two conducting plates that have a potential difference of $100V$. Estimate the total energy that would be delivered to 10^21 electrons by the conducting plates

17. The following three statements give possible reasons why the average intensity of sunlight incident on a solar panel during a day on earth is only a fraction of the solar constant.

18. A circuit is connected across a $12V$ battery which provides $60J$ of electrical energy per second.

What is the rate of charge flow across the conductor?

19. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure $P$, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?

20. An ideal gas is in a fixed volume container which sits on an electronic balance. More of the same gas is added to the container. Which of the following will not change?

21. A spherical object of surface area $A$ and absolute temperature $T$ can be regarded as a black body. The power of the radiation emitted from the object is $P$. What would be the power of the radiation emitted by an object with an absolute temperature of $2T$ and a surface area of A/2​?

22. Systems A and B both consist of an ideal gas at initial temperature $T$. In System A, the temperature of the gas is increased. In System B, gas molecules are added with the temperature of the system remaining constant.

Which of these statements about the total intermolecular potential energy of the two systems is correct?

23. The average radius of Neptune's orbit around the Sun is approximately 30 times the orbital radius of earth. Estimate the solar constant of Neptune.

24. A gas with a volume of 1.0cm^3 and pressure of $1.0hPa$ expands through an adiabatic process to 8.0cm^3.

What is the final pressure of the gas in $hPa$?

25. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?