1. Which statement about bonding is correct?

2. When wine is exposed to air, the ethanol is slowly converted to ethanoic acid. The $\mathrm{pH}$ of a bottle of wine changes from 6.5 to 4.5. The concentration of [H]^+is?

3. Place the following 1.0 mol dm^−3 solutions in order of increasing $\mathrm{pH}$:

4. A molecule of HBr reacts with water to produce the charged molecule X. What is the Lewis structure of molecule X?

• A. 
• B. 
• C. 
• D. 

5. Which of the following expressions for Kw is correct?

6. Which of the following reagents is used to differentiate between C3H8 and C3H6​ and what change of color would be observed?

7. Which of the following solutions, when mixed with equal volumes at equal concentrations, form a buffer solution?

8. The following flow chart shows how different functional groups may be interconverted using chemical reactions.

Which reactions could be performed using the reagents and reaction conditions given in the table?

• 	HCl	Cl2​ and UV light	NaOH
  A.	Reaction 1	Reaction 2	Reaction 3
  B.	Reaction 1	Reaction 2	Reaction 4
  C.	Reaction 2	Reaction 1	Reaction 3
  D.	Reaction 2	Reaction 1	Reaction 4

9. Given the following indicators and their behaviours, what will be the correct colours of a solution of 1.0 M KOH tested with each indicator?

• 	Methyl orange	Bromocresol green	Phenolphthalein
  A.	Red	Yellow	Colourless
  B.	Orange	Blue	Pink
  C.	Orange	Blue	Colourless
  D.	Orange	Yellow	Pink

10. 10cm^3 of an aqueous solution of $\mathrm{HCl}$ with $\mathrm{pH}$1.0 is mixed with 990 cm^3 of water. The $\mathrm{pH}$ of the formed solution is:

11. Which solution does not produce oxygen at the anode when electrolyzed with inert electrodes?

12. Which combination of acid and base will typically have the lowest pH at the equivalence point in a titration?

13. An aqueous solution of nitric acid HNO3 has a $\mathrm{pH}$ of 4. How many moles of this acid are found in 1dm^3 of the solution?

14. The nitration of benzene is an example of what type of reaction mechanism?

15. Which expression represents Ka​ for CH3COOH?

16. Which of the following statements are correct?

I. Voltaic cells convert chemical energy into electrical energy
II. Electrolytic cells convert electrical energy into chemical energy
III. Electrolytic cells require a salt bridge

17. Which of the statements below gives a correct feature of a ligand?

18. Which statement about the equivalence point of acid-base titrations is incorrect?

19. Which of the following statements concerning acids and bases is $\text{not}$ true?

20. Which of the following are the standard conditions for standard cell potentials?

I.A temperature of 298K
II.A pressure of 100 kPa
III.Solution concentrations of 1 mol dm^−3

21. Which of the following describe a nucleophile?

I. Electron-rich species
II. Have a lone pair of electron
III. Donates electron to the electron-deficient
IV. Is electron-deficient species itself

22. Which one of the following statements about acids is/are true?

I. Acids will neutralize bases to form salts
II. Acids produce solutions with a pH greater than 7
III. Acids ionize to form H^+ ions when dissolved in water

23. The structure of the hydrogen phosphate ion is shown.

How many H^+ ions can react with one hydrogen phosphate ion?

24. An example of a strong acid solution is nitric acid. Which statement is correct for this solution?

25. What statements about indicators are correct?