1. Electrons are accelerated between two conducting plates that have a potential difference of $100V$. Estimate the total energy that would be delivered to 10^21 electrons by the conducting plates.

2. Two solid substances of equal mass are heated with the same power input. The graph below shows how the temperatures of the substances vary with time during heating.

Which of the following statements are correct?

• I.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific heat capacity than Substance $B$ when they are in the same physical state.
  II.	The specific heat capacity of each substance is lower in the solid state than the liquid state.
  III.	Substance $A$ has a lower specific latent heat of fusion than Substance $B$.

3. A cylinder of fixed volume contains $n$ moles of an ideal gas at constant temperature. An additional $n$ moles of the same gas is forced into the cylinder via a one-way valve without changing the temperature. Which of the following best explains the final pressure in the cylinder?

4. An ideal gas is enclosed in a container of fixed volume. When the temperature of the gas is 27oC, its pressure is $p$. Calculate the pressure in the gas when it is heated to 54oC.

5. A light dependent resistor (LDR) and a $10k\Omega$ resistor are connected in series to a $12V$ D.C supply as shown

When the LDR is in the dark it has a resistance of $20k\Omega$ . Which of the following gives the potential difference $V$ across the light dependent resistor under these conditions?

6. The albedo at the poles of Earth during a particular day is 0.8. What is the value of the absorbed intensity if the solar intensity is 700 W m^−2?

7. An ideal gas is held in a container of volume $V$ and at pressure $P$. Gas is pumped into the container so that the number of molecules doubles and heat is added so that the average kinetic energy of the gas also doubles. The volume is adjusted so that the pressure remains constant. What is the new volume of the container?

8. An electric circuit is connected as shown. An electric current of $2A$ flows through the electric cell with an internal resistance $r$.

What is the value for $r$ ?

9. On a certain day, the solar intensity on the Earth's surface is 300Wm^−2. Photovoltaic cells which have an efficiency of 20% are used to convert solar energy to electrical energy. What should be the minimum area of the photovoltaic cells to produce an output of 6.0$kW$ , assuming that the incident light is normal to the surface of the panel?

10. Which of the following average properties of the molecules inside piston containing an ideal gas piston stay constant when the piston expands at constant temperature?

• I.  Intermolecular potential energy.
• II.  Kinetic energy.
• III.  Frequency of collisions.

11. Consider the circuits below that are located side by side as shown. One of these circuits includes a thermistor, which decreases in resistance as it increases in temperature.

If the switch in the circuit on the left is closed, what will happen to the brightness of the lamp over time, and why?

12. The following graph shows the relationship between current and potential difference across an unknown component in a series circuit.

Which of the following is true about the component?

13. Water in a beaker is heated on a hot plate at a rate $P$. The graph shows the change in temperature of the water over time.

Which graph correctly shows the new change in temperature of the water when the rate of thermal energy transfer is increased?

The original graph is shown by the dotted line.

A.			B.
C.			D.

14. Water of mass $m$ at an initial temperature of 20 oC is provided with thermal energy at a rate $P$. Its temperature rises to 30 oC in time $t$.

The rate of energy transfer is doubled and the mass of the water is halved. What is the final temperature, in time $t$, if the initial temperature is again 20 oC?

15. Which of the following energy resources is non-renewable?

16. The variation of terminal potential difference $V$ across an electric cell with current $I$ coming out of the cell is shown in the graph.

What are the values of the emf $ϵ$ and internal resistance $r$ of the electric cell used in this circuit?

17. An immersion heater of constant power output is used to supply thermal energy to a cup of water at 373 $K$. The heater is turned on at time $t=0$. Which graph shows a possible variation of temperature $T$ of the water, with time t?

A.			B.
C.			D.

18. A student constructed the series circuit below.

After closing the switch, which of the following is true about how the temperature of component A and current in the circuit will change with time?

19. The following three statements give possible reasons why the average intensity of sunlight incident on a solar panel during a day on earth is only a fraction of the solar constant.

• I.	Scattering of sunlight in the atmosphere
  II.	Rotation of the earth
  III.	The surface of the solar panel is not perpendicular to incident of sunlight

Which of the statements are correct?

20. Which of the following real gases at atmospheric pressure would be least likely to approximate to an ideal gas?

21. Which of the following pairs constitutes a renewable and non-renewable source of energy?

22. Which of the graphs below best describes the change in average kinetic energy of the molecules of a beaker of water as it is heated at a constant rate until it completely boils away?

A.			B.
C.			D.

23. The diagram below shows a circuit connected to a 12$V$ battery with negligible internal resistance.

What is the value of the current $I$ through the $2\Omega$ resistor?

24. Which of the following is a non-renewable energy resource?

25. Gas System A contains non-interacting molecules of negligible size at pressure P, whilst Gas Systems B and C contain large, strongly interacting molecules at pressures $10P$ and P/2​, respectively.

Which line of the table correctly describes how closely the three systems resemble an ideal gas?